Michael Gray, CPA's Blog

Tax and financial advice from the Silicon Valley expert.

Tax tips and developments relating to individuals

“Big, Beautiful Bill” isn’t a slam-dunk

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  • mike   

The House Ways and Means Committee has released “The One Big Beautiful Bill” that includes a “wish list” of President Trump’s tax legislation proposals. On Friday, May 16, conservative Republicans joined Democrats on the House Budget Committee to block the legislation, 16 voting in favor and 21 against, from reaching the House floor for a general vote.

The bill would extend most the tax cuts enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that would otherwise expire after 2025. In addition, the bill includes tax breaks for some tips, overtime and Social Security for four years. The Social Security break would be a $4,000 tax deduction for seniors making less than $75,000 per year.

The bill would also restore 100% bonus depreciation and the expense election for research and experimentation expenses.

In order to partially compensate for the tax cuts, the bill includes about $715 billion in cuts to Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act. States would implement work requirements in 2029 for childless adults on Medicaid who don’t have a disability, requiring them to work for 80 hours per month. Beneficiaries who earn above the federal poverty limit would make co-payments of up to $35 for doctor visits.

The Congressional Budget Office estimates about 8.6 million people could lose their insurance coverage.

Other compensating items include repealing Biden’s student loan forgiveness plans, so more student loan borrowers would be required to repay their loans, and repealing energy incentives (including the $7,500 credit for certain new electric vehicles), enacted under the Biden Administration.

Ironically, conservative Republicans on the House Budget Committee voted against the proposal because they wanted bigger cuts for Medicaid, joining Democrats, who oppose the Medicaid cuts.

Representatives from states that impose income taxes and those from states that don’t impose income taxes are also arguing about how much the ceiling for the itemized deduction for state taxes should be. The limit would be increased from $10,000 to $30,000 under the Ways and Means Committee proposal.

Remember tax legislation is a negotiation with some constraints. House representatives will continue to negotiate the details of the “One Big Beautiful Bill”. None of the Republicans want the 2017 tax cuts to expire, so it’s likely tax legislation will be enacted this year.

Write your representatives in Congress to let them know your concerns for the tax and budget process. https://www.congress.gov/members/find-your-member

Stock Market’s Down! Convert to Roth Now?

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  • mike   

The weak stock market might be an opportunity for taxpayers who want to convert their taxable traditional retirement accounts to tax-free Roth accounts.

On Monday, April 21, 2025, the S&P 500 sank 2.4%. The index at the center of many 401(k) accounts has retreated 16% below its record set two months ago.

The other stock market indexes, bond prices (including U.S. Treasury bonds) and the dollar have also fallen.

Reasons for the market weakness might be uncertainty as a result of President Trump’s imposition of tariffs of 145% to 245% on imports from China, broad-based 10% tariffs on other imports, and more tariffs on imports from other countries after a 90-day pause, together with his threat to fire Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell. Firing Chairman Powell threatens the independence of the Federal Reserve, which helps stabilize world financial markets.

With securities prices down, this could be a great time to make a Roth conversion.

What if securities prices fall even more? Timing financial decisions is problematic. Securities prices could fall even more if Trump actually fires Chairman Powell and goes ahead with many of Trump’s proposed tariffs that have been “paused.” Securities prices could improve if Trump reconsiders these threats and proposals and decides to not go ahead with them. Or, something else could happen. We just don’t know what will happen in the future.

We do know prices have already fallen, creating a potential opportunity to save taxes with a Roth conversion.

Why make a Roth conversion?

  1. After a short waiting period, most earnings and appreciation inside a Roth account are tax-free. . The earnings and appreciation inside a traditional retirement account are tax-deferred until distributions are made. (There is an exception for “unrelated business taxable income” that doesn’t apply to most taxpayers.)

2. Distributions from a Roth account after age 59 1/2 are tax-free, and so are many distributions before age 59 1/2. Distributions from a traditional retirement account in excess of any non-deductible contributions are generally taxable.

3. There are no required minimum distributions for a Roth account during the lifetime of the account owner (unless the retirement plan specifies otherwise.) Required minimum distributions generally must be made from a traditional retirement account when the account owner reaches the “applicable age”, currently age 73.

4. When the account owner dies after the required beginning date (April 1 of the year after reaching the “applicable age”), required minimum distributions must be made to the beneficiaries of a traditional retirement account. Since there is no required beginning date for Roth accounts (except Designated Roth Accounts of some employer plans), required minimum distributions don’t apply for most inherited Roth accounts. (Inherited Designated Roth Accounts can be rolled over to beneficiary Roth IRA accounts to avoid having to make required minimum distributions.) (Both traditional and Roth retirement accounts are subject to the requirement to be distributed by the end of the tenth year after the death of the account owner, with some exceptions.)

5. Distributions to beneficiaries from inherited Roth accounts are generally tax-free. Distributions to beneficiaries from inherited traditional retirement accounts are generally taxable, except for the recovery of any nondeductible contributions.

Since required minimum distributions don’t qualify for Roth conversions, taxpayers who have reached their required beginning date MUST TAKE THEIR REQUIRED MINIMUM DISTRIBUTION FOR THE YEAR BEFORE MAKING A ROTH CONVERSION.

A Roth conversion is currently taxable. Planning to have the cash available to pay the income taxes relating to the conversion is critical. You might want to consult with a tax consultant or financial planner to estimate in advance what the tax will be and decide how much to convert.

There can be other “side effects” of a conversion. For example, the additional income can reduce itemized deductions for medical expenses and can result in higher Medicare premiums. Get advice to “look before you leap.”

Now that tax return filing season is over, it’s tax planning season. Whether to make a Roth conversion during 2025 should be a topic on the agenda for a tax planning meeting for everyone who has a traditional retirement account.

Tax relief for Los Angeles fire victims

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  • mike   

The IRS has announce tax relief for individuals and businesses in Los Angeles county affected by wildfires and heavy winds that began January 7, 2025.

Their filing deadline for 2024 income tax returns has been extended to October 15, 2025.

Various tax filings and payment deadlines for returns and payments due from January 7, 2025 through October 15, 2025 have also been postponed to October 15, 2025.

Here’s a link to the news release, IR-2025-10. https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-california-wildfire-victims-qualify-for-tax-relief-various-deadlines-postponed-to-oct-15

Here’s a link to the IRS tax relief in disaster situations page, including other U.S. disasters. https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/tax-relief-in-disaster-situations

Governor Newsom has announced the Franchise Tax Board will also postpone filing and payment dates for 2024 income tax returns to October 15, 2025 for taxpayers located in Los Angeles County. Here’s a link to that announcement. https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/01/11/california-provides-tax-relief-for-those-affected-by-los-angeles-wildfires/ Here is a link to the Franchise Tax Board’s announcement. https://www.ftb.ca.gov/about-ftb/newsroom/news-releases/2025-01-emergency-tax-relief-for-los-angeles-county-fires.html

The Employment Development Department has announced a 60-day extension of time to file California state payroll tax reports and make payroll tax deposits for employers in Los Angeles and Ventura counties. The extension is not automatic; it must be requested. Here’s a link to the announcement. https://edd.ca.gov/en/about_edd/news_releases_and_announcements/california-supports-southern-california-communities-impacted-by-the-state-of-emergency-and-provides-relief-for-workers-and-businesses/

The California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) (sales and use tax) has also announced a 60-day extension of time to file California sales and use tax reports and make tax deposits for businesses in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties. The extension is not automatic; it must be requested. Here’s a link to the CDTFA’s tax relief page. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/services/state-of-emergency-tax-relief.htm

Should a surviving spouse roll over an inherited retirement account?

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  • mike   

When someone passes away is one time it's essential to consult with an estate planning lawyer, a tax advisor like a CPA or enrolled agent, and possibly a financial planner.

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Final regulations issued for Required Minimum Distributions

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  • mike   

The IRS has issued final regulations (TD 1001) and proposed regulations (REG-103529-23) relating to Required Minimum Distributions from traditional and Roth qualified retirement plans, including Section 401(k) plans, and IRAs.

The regulations explain the rules for required minimum distributions under the SECURE Act of 2019 and SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022.

The final regulations are mostly the same as previously-issued proposed regulations with some minor changes in response to comments received by the IRS.

Notably, the final regulations didn’t change a controversial rule in previously-issued proposed regulations requiring that distributions be made annually when the plan participant dies after the required beginning date and annual required minimum distributions already applied during their lifetime. (This rule doesn’t apply to Roth account participants, because there is no required beginning date during their lifetimes.)

In most cases, that means when a plan participant dies after the required beginning date and annual required minimum distributions already applied during their lifetime, life expectancy distributions continue for the next nine years and the balance of the account is distributed during the tenth year after death. See your tax advisor for exceptions for “eligible designated beneficiaries” (including the surviving spouse) and non-designated beneficiaries.

See your tax advisor about how the new regulations apply for you and your family.

Market-based sourcing means tax headaches for service sole proprietors

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  • mike   

Businesses that have service income from customers located outside of their state of residence should be alert they may be taxable in another state without having any physical presence, property, or employees in the state. For businesses located in California that are sole proprietorships, this is an even more serious problem.

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California FTB follows IRS with November 16 due date as California storm relief

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  • mike   

The California Franchise Tax Board announced the evening of October 16, 2023 it is following the IRS by adopting a November 16, 2023 due date for 2022 income tax returns and payments for taxpayers who previously qualified for the October 16, 2023 due date. The relief applies to 55 of 58 California counties.

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Michael Gray, CPA's Blog

Tax and financial advice from the Silicon Valley expert.